Instruction: Describe the Singleton pattern and provide a TypeScript code example demonstrating its implementation.
Context: This question evaluates the candidate's understanding of design patterns and their ability to implement the Singleton pattern in TypeScript.
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The essence of the Singleton pattern lies in controlling the instantiation process. This means that regardless of how many times a class is requested, the same instance is returned. It's especially useful in cases like managing a connection to a database, where creating multiple instances could lead to excessive resource usage or inconsistent states.
Let us dive into a TypeScript example to demonstrate this:...