How can you avoid callback hell in Node.js?
Instruction: Describe techniques to avoid or mitigate callback hell in Node.js.
Context: This question evaluates the candidate's ability to write clean, maintainable Node.js code by avoiding or mitigating callback hell, which can lead to deeply nested callbacks.
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Callback hell is deeply nested control flow that makes sequencing, errors and cleanup difficult to follow. Named functions and small modules help even when the underlying API remains callback-based. Promise-returning APIs and async/await can make dependencies more explicit.
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