Instruction: Explain how the 'COUNTIF' function works and provide an example of its use.
Context: This question tests the candidate's knowledge of Excel functions for conditional counting, crucial for data analysis and reporting.
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To elaborate, the 'COUNTIF' function requires two arguments: the range of cells to apply the criteria to, and the criteria itself, which can be a number, text, expression, or even a function that defines which cells should be counted. The beauty of 'COUNTIF' is its versatility; it can be used for straightforward tasks like counting the number of entries above a certain value, or it can be applied in more complex scenarios, such as identifying the frequency of a particular text string within a dataset....