How can quasi-experimental designs be used when randomized controlled trials are not feasible?

Instruction: Discuss the use of quasi-experimental designs in causal inference and provide examples of such designs.

Context: This question evaluates the candidate’s ability to design and interpret studies that approximate RCTs in settings where RCTs are impractical.

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Quasi-experimental designs exploit an assignment rule or external change that may support a credible counterfactual when treatment is not randomized. The design argument matters more than the method label.

Regression discontinuity: compare units near a predetermined eligibility threshold under continuity and manipulation-related assumptions; the effect is local...

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