Instruction: Outline the key components of a Shiny app and demonstrate with a simple example.
Context: This question tests the candidate's familiarity with developing interactive web applications using Shiny, showcasing their ability to create dynamic analysis tools.
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The UI defines the layout and appearance of the app. It determines how the app is presented to the user and can include input widgets like sliders, text inputs, and buttons, and output spots to display plots, tables, and other results. The UI is defined using functions from the shiny package that specify the different elements of the app’s design.
The Server function contains the instructions to build the responses to user inputs. Essentially, it's where the app's logic lives. It takes input values from the UI, processes them in R, and sends the output back to...