Why can a model score well on validation and fail after deployment?

Instruction: A churn model uses refund_processed_at, a field populated after the prediction cutoff. Random row splitting also places multiple records for the same customer in both train and validation. Validation AUC is 0.99; a later-month deployment sample performs poorly. Propose a corrected evaluation.

Context: Diagnose target and entity leakage before applying model regularization.

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There are two concrete leakage paths. Remove refund_processed_at and any derived feature unavailable at the prediction cutoff; reconstruct every feature as it would have been known then...

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