How can you achieve module encapsulation in JavaScript?

Instruction: Explain different methods to achieve module encapsulation and provide examples.

Context: This question evaluates the candidate's ability to structure code in a modular fashion, using patterns or features like IIFEs, the Module pattern, or ES6 modules to encapsulate functionality.

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Certainly. Module encapsulation in JavaScript is essential for maintaining a clean and manageable codebase, especially in complex applications. Encapsulation allows us to bundle data and methods that work on that data within one unit, protecting the module's state and behavior from outside interference and misuse. I'll discuss several methods to achieve this, emphasizing their applicability in different scenarios.

Firstly, let's talk about Immediately Invoked Function Expressions (IIFEs). An IIFE is a function defined and then immediately executed. It's a straightforward way to encapsulate your module, providing privacy for variables and functions while exposing a public interface if necessary...

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