Instruction: Explain different methods to achieve module encapsulation and provide examples.
Context: This question evaluates the candidate's ability to structure code in a modular fashion, using patterns or features like IIFEs, the Module pattern, or ES6 modules to encapsulate functionality.
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Firstly, let's talk about Immediately Invoked Function Expressions (IIFEs). An IIFE is a function defined and then immediately executed. It's a straightforward way to encapsulate your module, providing privacy for variables and functions while exposing a public interface if necessary. Here's a simple example:
```javascript let myModule = (function() { let privateVar = "I am private"; function privateMethod() { console.log(privateVar); }...