Stop retries from multiplying a dependency outage.

Instruction: Calculate the worst-case attempt count and redesign the retry ownership.

Context:

A fictional request traverses three services before calling a database API. At each of the three calling layers, the initial attempt may be followed by two retries. Every call fails, and the layers retry independently. The user request has a two-second deadline. One path creates an external payment; its timeout does not reveal whether the payment completed.

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With three attempts at each of three layers, one request can produce 27 attempts at the deepest dependency...

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